Balint Reczey
214 lines
6.6 KiB
Groff
214 lines
6.6 KiB
Groff
'\" t
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.\" Title: login
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.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
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.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
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.\" Date: 08.11.2022
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.\" Manual: Dienstprogramme f\(:ur Benutzer
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.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.13
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.\" Language: German
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.\"
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.TH "LOGIN" "1" "08.11.2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Dienstprogramme f\(:ur Benutzer"
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.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
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.\" * Define some portability stuff
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.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
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.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
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.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
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.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
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.el .ds Aq '
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.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
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.\" * set default formatting
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.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
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.\" disable hyphenation
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.nh
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.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
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.ad l
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.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
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.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
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.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
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.SH "NAME"
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login \- startet eine Sitzung auf dem System
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.SH "\(:UBERSICHT"
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.HP \w'\fBlogin\fR\ 'u
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\fBlogin\fR [\-p] [\-h\ \fIhost\fR] [\fIBenutzername\fR] [\fIENV=VAR\fR...]
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.HP \w'\fBlogin\fR\ 'u
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\fBlogin\fR [\-p] [\-h\ \fIhost\fR] \-f \fIBenutzername\fR
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.HP \w'\fBlogin\fR\ 'u
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\fBlogin\fR [\-p] \-r\ \fIhost\fR
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.SH "BESCHREIBUNG"
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.PP
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The
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\fBlogin\fR
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program is used to establish a new session with the system\&. It is normally invoked automatically by responding to the
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\fIlogin:\fR
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prompt on the user\*(Aqs terminal\&.
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\fBlogin\fR
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may be special to the shell and may not be invoked as a sub\-process\&. When called from a shell,
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\fBlogin\fR
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should be executed as
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\fBexec login\fR
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which will cause the user to exit from the current shell (and thus will prevent the new logged in user to return to the session of the caller)\&. Attempting to execute
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\fBlogin\fR
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from any shell but the login shell will produce an error message\&.
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.PP
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The user is then prompted for a password, where appropriate\&. Echoing is disabled to prevent revealing the password\&. Only a small number of password failures are permitted before
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\fBlogin\fR
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exits and the communications link is severed\&.
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.PP
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If password aging has been enabled for your account, you may be prompted for a new password before proceeding\&. You will be forced to provide your old password and the new password before continuing\&. Please refer to
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\fBpasswd\fR(1)
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for more information\&.
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.PP
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After a successful login, you will be informed of any system messages and the presence of mail\&. You may turn off the printing of the system message file,
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/etc/motd, by creating a zero\-length file
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\&.hushlogin
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in your login directory\&. The mail message will be one of "\fIYou have new mail\&.\fR", "\fIYou have mail\&.\fR", or "\fINo Mail\&.\fR" according to the condition of your mailbox\&.
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.PP
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Your user and group ID will be set according to their values in the
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/etc/passwd
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file\&. The value for
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\fB$HOME\fR,
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\fB$SHELL\fR,
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\fB$PATH\fR,
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\fB$LOGNAME\fR, and
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\fB$MAIL\fR
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are set according to the appropriate fields in the password entry\&. Ulimit, umask and nice values may also be set according to entries in the GECOS field\&.
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.PP
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On some installations, the environmental variable
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\fB$TERM\fR
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will be initialized to the terminal type on your tty line, as specified in
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/etc/ttytype\&.
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.PP
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Ein Startskript f\(:ur Ihren Befehlsinterpreter kann auch ausgef\(:uhrt werden\&. Sehen Sie bitte in den entsprechenden Handbuchseiten f\(:ur weitere Informationen dar\(:uber nach\&.
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.PP
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Eine Subsystem\-Anmeldung wird durch einen \(Fc*\(Fo als erstes Zeichen der Anmelde\-Shell gekennzeichnet\&. Das angegebene Home\-Verzeichnis wird als Wurzel f\(:ur das Dateisystem verwendet, auf welchem der Benutzer tats\(:achlich angemeldet ist\&.
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.PP
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The
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\fBlogin\fR
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program is NOT responsible for removing users from the utmp file\&. It is the responsibility of
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\fBgetty\fR(8)
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and
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\fBinit\fR(8)
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to clean up apparent ownership of a terminal session\&. If you use
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\fBlogin\fR
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from the shell prompt without
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\fBexec\fR, the user you use will continue to appear to be logged in even after you log out of the "subsession"\&.
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.SH "OPTIONEN"
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.PP
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\fB\-f\fR
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.RS 4
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Keine Authentifizierung durchf\(:uhren, Benutzer ist bereits angemeldet\&.
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.sp
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Note: In that case,
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\fIusername\fR
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is mandatory\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fB\-h\fR
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.RS 4
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Name des entfernt stehenden Rechners f\(:ur die Anmeldung
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.RE
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.PP
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\fB\-p\fR
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.RS 4
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beh\(:alt die Umgebungseinstellungen bei
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.RE
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.PP
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\fB\-r\fR
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.RS 4
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f\(:uhrt das Autologin\-Protokoll f\(:ur rlogin aus
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.RE
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.PP
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The
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\fB\-r\fR,
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\fB\-h\fR
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and
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\fB\-f\fR
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options are only used when
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\fBlogin\fR
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is invoked by root\&.
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.SH "WARNUNGEN"
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.PP
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This version of
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\fBlogin\fR
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has many compilation options, only some of which may be in use at any particular site\&.
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.PP
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Der Ort der Konfigurationsdateien kann je nach Konfiguration des Systems unterschiedlich sein\&.
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.PP
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The
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\fBlogin\fR
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program is NOT responsible for removing users from the utmp file\&. It is the responsibility of
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\fBgetty\fR(8)
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and
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\fBinit\fR(8)
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to clean up apparent ownership of a terminal session\&. If you use
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\fBlogin\fR
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from the shell prompt without
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\fBexec\fR, the user you use will continue to appear to be logged in even after you log out of the "subsession"\&.
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.PP
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As with any program,
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\fBlogin\fR\*(Aqs appearance can be faked\&. If non\-trusted users have physical access to a machine, an attacker could use this to obtain the password of the next person coming to sit in front of the machine\&. Under Linux, the SAK mechanism can be used by users to initiate a trusted path and prevent this kind of attack\&.
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.SH "KONFIGURATION"
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.PP
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The following configuration variables in
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/etc/login\&.defs
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change the behavior of this tool:
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.SH "DATEIEN"
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.PP
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/var/run/utmp
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.RS 4
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Liste der aktuellen angemeldeten Sitzungen
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.RE
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.PP
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/var/log/wtmp
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.RS 4
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Liste der vorangegangenen angemeldeten Sitzungen
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.RE
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.PP
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/etc/passwd
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.RS 4
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Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten
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.RE
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.PP
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/etc/shadow
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.RS 4
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verschl\(:usselte Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten
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.RE
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.PP
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/etc/motd
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.RS 4
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Datei mit der Systemmeldung des Tages
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.RE
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.PP
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/etc/nologin
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.RS 4
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verhindert, dass sich Benutzer au\(sser Root anmelden
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.RE
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.PP
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/etc/ttytype
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.RS 4
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Liste der Terminaltypen
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.RE
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.PP
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$HOME/\&.hushlogin
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.RS 4
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unterdr\(:uckt die Ausgabe von Systemnachrichten
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.RE
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.PP
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/etc/login\&.defs
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.RS 4
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Konfiguration der Shadow\-Passwort\-Werkzeugsammlung
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.RE
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.SH "SIEHE AUCH"
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.PP
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\fBmail\fR(1),
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\fBpasswd\fR(1),
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\fBsh\fR(1),
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\fBsu\fR(1),
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\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
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\fBnologin\fR(5),
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\fBpasswd\fR(5),
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\fBsecuretty\fR(5),
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\fBgetty\fR(8)\&.
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