Balint Reczey
470 lines
14 KiB
Plaintext
470 lines
14 KiB
Plaintext
'\" t
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.\" Title: usermod
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.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
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.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 <http://docbook.sf.net/>
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.\" Date: 23.01.2020
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.\" Manual: Befehle zur Systemverwaltung
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.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1
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.\" Language: German
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.\"
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.TH "USERMOD" "8" "23.01.2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Befehle zur Systemverwaltung"
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.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
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.\" * Define some portability stuff
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.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
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.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
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.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
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.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
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.el .ds Aq '
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.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
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.\" * set default formatting
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.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
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.\" disable hyphenation
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.nh
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.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
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.ad l
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.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
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.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
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.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
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.SH "NAME"
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usermod \- ver\(:andert ein Benutzerkonto
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.SH "\(:UBERSICHT"
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.HP \w'\fBusermod\fR\ 'u
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\fBusermod\fR [\fIOptionen\fR] \fIANMELDENAME\fR
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.SH "BESCHREIBUNG"
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.PP
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The
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\fBusermod\fR
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command modifies the system account files to reflect the changes that are specified on the command line\&.
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.SH "OPTIONEN"
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.PP
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The options which apply to the
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\fBusermod\fR
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command are:
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.PP
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\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-append\fR
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.RS 4
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Add the user to the supplementary group(s)\&. Use only with the
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\fB\-G\fR
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option\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fB\-b\fR, \fB\-\-badnames\fR
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.RS 4
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Allow names that do not conform to standards\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-comment\fR\ \&\fICOMMENT\fR
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.RS 4
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The new value of the user\*(Aqs password file comment field\&. It is normally modified using the
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\fBchfn\fR(1)
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utility\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-home\fR\ \&\fIHOME_DIR\fR
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.RS 4
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das neue Home\-Verzeichnis des Benutzers
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.sp
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If the
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\fB\-m\fR
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option is given, the contents of the current home directory will be moved to the new home directory, which is created if it does not already exist\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-expiredate\fR\ \&\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR
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.RS 4
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The date on which the user account will be disabled\&. The date is specified in the format
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\fIYYYY\-MM\-DD\fR\&.
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.sp
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An empty
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\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR
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argument will disable the expiration of the account\&.
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.sp
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This option requires a
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/etc/shadow
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file\&. A
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/etc/shadow
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entry will be created if there were none\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR\ \&\fIINACTIVE\fR
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.RS 4
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Die Anzahl von Tagen, nach denen ein Passwort abgelaufen ist, bis das Konto deaktiviert wird\&.
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.sp
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Ein Wert von 0 deaktiviert das Konto, sobald das Passwort abl\(:auft\&. Ein Wert von \-1 schaltet diese Funktion ab\&.
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.sp
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This option requires a
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/etc/shadow
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file\&. A
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/etc/shadow
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entry will be created if there were none\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gid\fR\ \&\fIGROUP\fR
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.RS 4
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Der Name oder die Zahl der anf\(:anglichen Anmeldegruppe eines neuen Benutzers\&. Der Gruppenname muss existieren\&.
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.sp
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Jede Datei im Home\-Verzeichnis des Benutzers, die der alten Hauptgruppe des Benutzers geh\(:orte, wird dieser neuen Gruppe geh\(:oren\&.
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.sp
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Die Gruppenzugeh\(:origkeit von Dateien au\(sserhalb des Home\-Verzeichnisses des Benutzers muss per Hand angepasst werden\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fB\-G\fR, \fB\-\-groups\fR\ \&\fIGROUP1\fR[\fI,GROUP2,\&.\&.\&.\fR[\fI,GROUPN\fR]]]
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.RS 4
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A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member of\&. Each group is separated from the next by a comma, with no intervening whitespace\&. The groups are subject to the same restrictions as the group given with the
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\fB\-g\fR
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option\&.
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.sp
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If the user is currently a member of a group which is not listed, the user will be removed from the group\&. This behaviour can be changed via the
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\fB\-a\fR
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option, which appends the user to the current supplementary group list\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-login\fR\ \&\fINEW_LOGIN\fR
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.RS 4
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The name of the user will be changed from
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\fILOGIN\fR
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to
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\fINEW_LOGIN\fR\&. Nothing else is changed\&. In particular, the user\*(Aqs home directory or mail spool should probably be renamed manually to reflect the new login name\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fB\-L\fR, \fB\-\-lock\fR
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.RS 4
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Lock a user\*(Aqs password\&. This puts a \*(Aq!\*(Aq in front of the encrypted password, effectively disabling the password\&. You can\*(Aqt use this option with
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\fB\-p\fR
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or
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\fB\-U\fR\&.
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.sp
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Note: if you wish to lock the account (not only access with a password), you should also set the
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\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR
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to
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\fI1\fR\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-move\-home\fR
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.RS 4
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verschiebt den Inhalt des Home\-Verzeichnisses eines Benutzers zu dem neuen Ziel
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.sp
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This option is only valid in combination with the
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\fB\-d\fR
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(or
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\fB\-\-home\fR) option\&.
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.sp
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\fBusermod\fR
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will try to adapt the ownership of the files and to copy the modes, ACL and extended attributes, but manual changes might be needed afterwards\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-non\-unique\fR
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.RS 4
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When used with the
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\fB\-u\fR
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option, this option allows to change the user ID to a non\-unique value\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-password\fR\ \&\fIPASSWORD\fR
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.RS 4
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The encrypted password, as returned by
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\fBcrypt\fR(3)\&.
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.sp
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\fBNote:\fR
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This option is not recommended because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes\&.
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.sp
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Sie sollten sicherstellen, dass das Passwort den Passwortrichtlinien des Systems entspricht\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
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.RS 4
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Apply changes in the
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\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
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directory and use the configuration files from the
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\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
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directory\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
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.RS 4
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Apply changes in the
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\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
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directory and use the configuration files from the
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\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
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directory\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR\ \&\fISHELL\fR
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.RS 4
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Der Name der neuen Anmelde\-Shell des Benutzers\&. Falls dieses Feld leer gelassen wird, verwendet das System die Standard\-Anmelde\-Shell\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-uid\fR\ \&\fIUID\fR
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.RS 4
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der neue numerische Wert der UID des Benutzers
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.sp
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This value must be unique, unless the
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\fB\-o\fR
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option is used\&. The value must be non\-negative\&.
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.sp
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F\(:ur die Mailbox des Benutzers und alle Dateien, die ihm geh\(:oren und sich in seinem Home\-Verzeichnis befinden, wird die ID des Eigent\(:umers automatisch angepasst\&.
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.sp
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Der Eigent\(:umer von Dateien au\(sserhalb des Home\-Verzeichnisses des Benutzers muss per Hand angepasst werden\&.
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.sp
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No checks will be performed with regard to the
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\fBUID_MIN\fR,
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\fBUID_MAX\fR,
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\fBSYS_UID_MIN\fR, or
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\fBSYS_UID_MAX\fR
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from
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/etc/login\&.defs\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fB\-U\fR, \fB\-\-unlock\fR
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.RS 4
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Unlock a user\*(Aqs password\&. This removes the \*(Aq!\*(Aq in front of the encrypted password\&. You can\*(Aqt use this option with
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\fB\-p\fR
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or
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\fB\-L\fR\&.
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.sp
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Note: if you wish to unlock the account (not only access with a password), you should also set the
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\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR
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(for example to
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\fI99999\fR, or to the
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\fBEXPIRE\fR
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value from
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/etc/default/useradd)\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fB\-v\fR, \fB\-\-add\-subuids\fR\ \&\fIFIRST\fR\-\fILAST\fR
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.RS 4
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Add a range of subordinate uids to the user\*(Aqs account\&.
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.sp
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This option may be specified multiple times to add multiple ranges to a users account\&.
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.sp
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No checks will be performed with regard to
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\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR,
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\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR, or
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\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR
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from /etc/login\&.defs\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fB\-V\fR, \fB\-\-del\-subuids\fR\ \&\fIFIRST\fR\-\fILAST\fR
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.RS 4
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Remove a range of subordinate uids from the user\*(Aqs account\&.
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.sp
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This option may be specified multiple times to remove multiple ranges to a users account\&. When both
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\fB\-\-del\-subuids\fR
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and
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\fB\-\-add\-subuids\fR
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are specified, the removal of all subordinate uid ranges happens before any subordinate uid range is added\&.
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.sp
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No checks will be performed with regard to
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\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR,
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\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR, or
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\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR
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from /etc/login\&.defs\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fB\-w\fR, \fB\-\-add\-subgids\fR\ \&\fIFIRST\fR\-\fILAST\fR
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.RS 4
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Add a range of subordinate gids to the user\*(Aqs account\&.
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.sp
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This option may be specified multiple times to add multiple ranges to a users account\&.
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.sp
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No checks will be performed with regard to
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\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR,
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\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR, or
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\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR
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from /etc/login\&.defs\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fB\-W\fR, \fB\-\-del\-subgids\fR\ \&\fIFIRST\fR\-\fILAST\fR
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.RS 4
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Remove a range of subordinate gids from the user\*(Aqs account\&.
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.sp
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This option may be specified multiple times to remove multiple ranges to a users account\&. When both
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\fB\-\-del\-subgids\fR
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and
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\fB\-\-add\-subgids\fR
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are specified, the removal of all subordinate gid ranges happens before any subordinate gid range is added\&.
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.sp
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No checks will be performed with regard to
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\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR,
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\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR, or
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\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR
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from /etc/login\&.defs\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fB\-Z\fR, \fB\-\-selinux\-user\fR\ \&\fISEUSER\fR
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.RS 4
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der neue SELinux\-Benutzer f\(:ur den Anmeldenamen des Benutzers
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.sp
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A blank
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\fISEUSER\fR
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will remove the SELinux user mapping for user
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\fILOGIN\fR
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(if any)\&.
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.RE
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.SH "WARNUNGEN"
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.PP
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You must make certain that the named user is not executing any processes when this command is being executed if the user\*(Aqs numerical user ID, the user\*(Aqs name, or the user\*(Aqs home directory is being changed\&.
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\fBusermod\fR
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checks this on Linux\&. On other platforms it only uses utmp to check if the user is logged in\&.
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.PP
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You must change the owner of any
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\fBcrontab\fR
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files or
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\fBat\fR
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jobs manually\&.
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.PP
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Sie m\(:ussen alle \(:Anderung in Bezug auf NIS auf dem NIS\-Server vornehmen\&.
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.SH "KONFIGURATION"
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.PP
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The following configuration variables in
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/etc/login\&.defs
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change the behavior of this tool:
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.PP
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\fBLASTLOG_UID_MAX\fR (number)
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.RS 4
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Highest user ID number for which the lastlog entries should be updated\&. As higher user IDs are usually tracked by remote user identity and authentication services there is no need to create a huge sparse lastlog file for them\&.
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.sp
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No
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\fBLASTLOG_UID_MAX\fR
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option present in the configuration means that there is no user ID limit for writing lastlog entries\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fBMAIL_DIR\fR (string)
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.RS 4
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Das Verzeichnis des Mail\-Spools\&. Diese Angabe wird ben\(:otigt, um die Mailbox zu bearbeiten, nachdem das entsprechende Benutzerkonto ver\(:andert oder gel\(:oscht wurde\&. Falls nicht angegeben, wird ein Standard verwendet, der beim Kompilieren festgelegt wurde\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fBMAIL_FILE\fR (string)
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.RS 4
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Legt den Ort der Mail\-Spool\-Dateien eines Benutzers relativ zu seinem Home\-Verzeichnis fest\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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The
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\fBMAIL_DIR\fR
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and
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\fBMAIL_FILE\fR
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variables are used by
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\fBuseradd\fR,
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\fBusermod\fR, and
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\fBuserdel\fR
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to create, move, or delete the user\*(Aqs mail spool\&.
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.PP
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If
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\fBMAIL_CHECK_ENAB\fR
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is set to
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\fIyes\fR, they are also used to define the
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\fBMAIL\fR
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environment variable\&.
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.PP
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\fBMAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP\fR (number)
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.RS 4
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Maximum members per group entry\&. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in
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/etc/group
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(with the same name, same password, and same GID)\&.
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.sp
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Der Standardwert ist 0, was zur Folge hat, dass die Anzahl der Mitglieder einer Gruppe nicht begrenzt ist\&.
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.sp
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Diese F\(:ahigkeit (der aufgeteilten Gruppe) erm\(:oglicht es, die Zeilenl\(:ange in der Gruppendatei zu begrenzen\&. Damit kann sichergestellt werden, dass die Zeilen f\(:ur NIS\-Gruppen nicht l\(:anger als 1024 Zeichen sind\&.
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.sp
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Falls Sie eine solche Begrenzung ben\(:otigen, k\(:onnen Sie 25 verwenden\&.
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.sp
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Hinweis: Aufgeteilte Gruppen werden m\(:oglicherweise nicht von allen Werkzeugen unterst\(:utzt, selbst nicht aus der Shadow\-Werkzeugsammlung\&. Sie sollten diese Variable nur setzen, falls Sie zwingend darauf angewiesen sind\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR (number), \fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR (number)
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.RS 4
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If
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/etc/subuid
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exists, the commands
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\fBuseradd\fR
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and
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\fBnewusers\fR
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(unless the user already have subordinate group IDs) allocate
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\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR
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unused group IDs from the range
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\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR
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to
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\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR
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for each new user\&.
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.sp
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|
The default values for
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\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR,
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\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR,
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\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR
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are respectively 100000, 600100000 and 65536\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR (number), \fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR (number)
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.RS 4
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If
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/etc/subuid
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exists, the commands
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\fBuseradd\fR
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and
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\fBnewusers\fR
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(unless the user already have subordinate user IDs) allocate
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\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR
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unused user IDs from the range
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\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR
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to
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\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR
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for each new user\&.
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.sp
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The default values for
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\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR,
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\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR,
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\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR
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are respectively 100000, 600100000 and 65536\&.
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.RE
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.SH "DATEIEN"
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.PP
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/etc/group
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.RS 4
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Informationen zu den Gruppenkonten
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.RE
|
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.PP
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/etc/gshadow
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.RS 4
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sichere Informationen zu den Gruppenkonten
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.RE
|
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.PP
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/etc/login\&.defs
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.RS 4
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Konfiguration der Shadow\-Passwort\-Werkzeugsammlung
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.RE
|
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.PP
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/etc/passwd
|
|
.RS 4
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Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten
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|
.RE
|
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.PP
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/etc/shadow
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.RS 4
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verschl\(:usselte Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten
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.RE
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.PP
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/etc/subgid
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.RS 4
|
|
Per user subordinate group IDs\&.
|
|
.RE
|
|
.PP
|
|
/etc/subuid
|
|
.RS 4
|
|
Per user subordinate user IDs\&.
|
|
.RE
|
|
.SH "SIEHE AUCH"
|
|
.PP
|
|
\fBchfn\fR(1),
|
|
\fBchsh\fR(1),
|
|
\fBpasswd\fR(1),
|
|
\fBcrypt\fR(3),
|
|
\fBgpasswd\fR(8),
|
|
\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
|
|
\fBgroupdel\fR(8),
|
|
\fBgroupmod\fR(8),
|
|
\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
|
|
\fBsubgid\fR(5), \fBsubuid\fR(5),
|
|
\fBuseradd\fR(8),
|
|
\fBuserdel\fR(8)\&.
|