Christian Perrier
182 lines
3.8 KiB
Plaintext
182 lines
3.8 KiB
Plaintext
'\" t
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.\" Title: passwd
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.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
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.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.76.1 <http://docbook.sf.net/>
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.\" Date: 05/25/2012
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.\" Manual: File Formats and Conversions
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.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.1.5.1
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.\" Language: English
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.\"
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.TH "PASSWD" "5" "05/25/2012" "shadow\-utils 4\&.1\&.5\&.1" "File Formats and Conversions"
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.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
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.\" * Define some portability stuff
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.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
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.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
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.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
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.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
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.el .ds Aq '
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.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
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.\" * set default formatting
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.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
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.\" disable hyphenation
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.nh
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.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
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.ad l
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.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
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.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
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.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
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.SH "NAME"
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passwd \- the password file
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.SH "DESCRIPTION"
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.PP
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/etc/passwd
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contains one line for each user account, with seven fields delimited by colons (\(lq:\(rq)\&. These fields are:
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.sp
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.RS 4
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.ie n \{\
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\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
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.\}
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.el \{\
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.sp -1
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.IP \(bu 2.3
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.\}
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login name
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.RE
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.sp
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.RS 4
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.ie n \{\
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\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
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.\}
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.el \{\
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.sp -1
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.IP \(bu 2.3
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.\}
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optional encrypted password
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.RE
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.sp
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.RS 4
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.ie n \{\
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\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
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.\}
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.el \{\
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.sp -1
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.IP \(bu 2.3
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.\}
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numerical user ID
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.RE
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.sp
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.RS 4
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.ie n \{\
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\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
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.\}
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.el \{\
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.sp -1
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.IP \(bu 2.3
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.\}
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numerical group ID
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.RE
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.sp
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.RS 4
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.ie n \{\
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\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
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.\}
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.el \{\
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.sp -1
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.IP \(bu 2.3
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.\}
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user name or comment field
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.RE
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.sp
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.RS 4
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.ie n \{\
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\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
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.\}
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.el \{\
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.sp -1
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.IP \(bu 2.3
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.\}
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user home directory
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.RE
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.sp
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.RS 4
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.ie n \{\
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\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
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.\}
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.el \{\
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.sp -1
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.IP \(bu 2.3
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.\}
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optional user command interpreter
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.RE
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.PP
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The encrypted password field may be blank, in which case no password is required to authenticate as the specified login name\&. However, some applications which read the
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/etc/passwd
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file may decide not to permit
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\fIany\fR
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access at all if the
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\fIpassword\fR
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field is blank\&. If the
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\fIpassword\fR
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field is a lower\-case
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\(lqx\(rq, then the encrypted password is actually stored in the
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\fBshadow\fR(5)
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file instead; there
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\fImust\fR
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be a corresponding line in the
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/etc/shadow
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file, or else the user account is invalid\&. If the
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\fIpassword\fR
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field is any other string, then it will be treated as an encrypted password, as specified by
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\fBcrypt\fR(3)\&.
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.PP
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The comment field is used by various system utilities, such as
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\fBfinger\fR(1)\&.
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.PP
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The home directory field provides the name of the initial working directory\&. The
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\fBlogin\fR
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program uses this information to set the value of the
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\fB$HOME\fR
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environmental variable\&.
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.PP
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The command interpreter field provides the name of the user\*(Aqs command language interpreter, or the name of the initial program to execute\&. The
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\fBlogin\fR
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program uses this information to set the value of the
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\fB$SHELL\fR
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environmental variable\&. If this field is empty, it defaults to the value
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/bin/sh\&.
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.SH "FILES"
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.PP
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/etc/passwd
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.RS 4
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User account information\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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/etc/shadow
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.RS 4
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optional encrypted password file
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.RE
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.PP
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/etc/passwd\-
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.RS 4
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Backup file for /etc/passwd\&.
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.sp
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Note that this file is used by the tools of the shadow toolsuite, but not by all user and password management tools\&.
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.RE
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.SH "SEE ALSO"
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.PP
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\fBcrypt\fR(3),
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\fBgetent\fR(1),
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\fBgetpwnam\fR(3),
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\fBlogin\fR(1),
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\fBpasswd\fR(1),
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\fBpwck\fR(8),
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\fBpwconv\fR(8),
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\fBpwunconv\fR(8),
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\fBshadow\fR(5),
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\fBsu\fR(1),
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\fBsulogin\fR(8)\&.
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