451 lines
13 KiB
Groff
451 lines
13 KiB
Groff
'\" t
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.\" Title: su
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.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
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.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 <http://docbook.sf.net/>
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.\" Date: 02/01/2022
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.\" Manual: Commandes utilisateur
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.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.11.1
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.\" Language: French
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.\"
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.TH "SU" "1" "02/01/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.11\&.1" "Commandes utilisateur"
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.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
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.\" * Define some portability stuff
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.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
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.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
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.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
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.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
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.el .ds Aq '
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.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
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.\" * set default formatting
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.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
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.\" disable hyphenation
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.nh
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.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
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.ad l
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.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
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.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
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.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
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.SH "NOM"
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su \- Changer d\*(Aqidentifiant d\*(Aqutilisateur ou devenir superutilisateur
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.SH "SYNOPSIS"
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.HP \w'\fBsu\fR\ 'u
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\fBsu\fR [\fIoptions\fR] [\fI\-\fR] [\fInom_utilisateur\fR\ [\ \fIargs\fR\ ]]
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.SH "DESCRIPTION"
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.PP
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The
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\fBsu\fR
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command is used to become another user during a login session\&. Invoked without a
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\fBusername\fR,
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\fBsu\fR
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defaults to becoming the superuser\&. The
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\fB\-\fR
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option may be used to provide an environment similar to what the user would expect had the user logged in directly\&. The
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\fB\-c\fR
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option may be used to treat the next argument as a command by most shells\&.
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.PP
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Options are recognized everywhere in the argument list\&. You can use the
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\fB\-\-\fR
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argument to stop option parsing\&. The
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\fB\-\fR
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option is special: it is also recognized after
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\fB\-\-\fR, but has to be placed before
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\fBusername\fR\&.
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.PP
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Un mot de passe sera demand\('e \(`a l\*(Aqutilisateur, si n\('ecessaire\&. Les mots de passe incorrects produisent un message d\*(Aqerreur\&. Toutes les tentatives, r\('eussies ou non, sont enregistr\('ees afin de d\('etecter tout abus du syst\(`eme\&.
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.PP
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The current environment is passed to the new shell\&. The value of
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\fB$PATH\fR
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is reset to
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/bin:/usr/bin
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for normal users, or
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/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
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for the superuser\&. This may be changed with the
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\fBENV_PATH\fR
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and
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\fBENV_SUPATH\fR
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definitions in
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/etc/login\&.defs\&.
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.PP
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Une connexion \(`a un sous\-syst\(`eme est indiqu\('ee par la pr\('esence d\*(Aqun \(Fo\ \&*\ \&\(Fc comme premier caract\(`ere de l\*(Aqinterpr\('eteur de commandes initial\&. Le r\('epertoire personnel sera utilis\('e comme racine d\*(Aqun nouveau syst\(`eme de fichiers dans lequel l\*(Aqutilisateur sera connect\('e\&.
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.SH "OPTIONS"
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.PP
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The options which apply to the
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\fBsu\fR
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command are:
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.PP
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\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-command\fR\ \&\fICOMMAND\fR
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.RS 4
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Specify a command that will be invoked by the shell using its
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\fB\-c\fR\&.
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.sp
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La commande ex\('ecut\('ee n\*(Aqaura aucun terminal de contr\(^ole\&. Cette option ne peut pas \(^etre utilis\('ee pour ex\('ecuter des programmes interactifs qui ont besoin d\*(Aqun terminal de contr\(^ole\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fB\-\fR, \fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-login\fR
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.RS 4
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Fournir \(`a l\*(Aqutilisateur un environnement similaire \(`a celui qu\*(Aqil aurait obtenu s\*(Aqil s\*(Aq\('etait connect\('e directement\&.
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.sp
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When
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\fB\-\fR
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is used, it must be specified before any
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\fBusername\fR\&. For portability it is recommended to use it as last option, before any
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\fBusername\fR\&. The other forms (\fB\-l\fR
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and
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\fB\-\-login\fR) do not have this restriction\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR\ \&\fISHELL\fR
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.RS 4
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Interpr\('eteur de commande devant \(^etre appel\('e\&.
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.sp
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The invoked shell is chosen from (highest priority first):
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.PP
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.RS 4
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The shell specified with \-\-shell\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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.RS 4
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If
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\fB\-\-preserve\-environment\fR
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is used, the shell specified by the
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\fB$SHELL\fR
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environment variable\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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.RS 4
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The shell indicated in the
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/etc/passwd
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entry for the target user\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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.RS 4
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/bin/sh
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if a shell could not be found by any above method\&.
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.RE
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.sp
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If the target user has a restricted shell (i\&.e\&. the shell field of this user\*(Aqs entry in
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/etc/passwd
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is not listed in
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/etc/shells), then the
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\fB\-\-shell\fR
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option or the
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\fB$SHELL\fR
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environment variable won\*(Aqt be taken into account, unless
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\fBsu\fR
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is called by root\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-preserve\-environment\fR
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.RS 4
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Preserve the current environment, except for:
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.PP
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\fB$PATH\fR
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.RS 4
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reset according to the
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/etc/login\&.defs
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options
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\fBENV_PATH\fR
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or
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\fBENV_SUPATH\fR
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(see below);
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.RE
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.PP
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\fB$IFS\fR
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.RS 4
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reset to
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\(Fo\ \&<space><tab><newline>\ \&\(Fc, if it was set\&.
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.RE
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.sp
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If the target user has a restricted shell, this option has no effect (unless
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\fBsu\fR
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is called by root)\&.
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.sp
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Note that the default behavior for the environment is the following:
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.PP
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.RS 4
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The
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\fB$HOME\fR,
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\fB$SHELL\fR,
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\fB$USER\fR,
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\fB$LOGNAME\fR,
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\fB$PATH\fR, and
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\fB$IFS\fR
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environment variables are reset\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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.RS 4
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If
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\fB\-\-login\fR
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is not used, the environment is copied, except for the variables above\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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.RS 4
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If
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\fB\-\-login\fR
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is used, the
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\fB$TERM\fR,
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\fB$COLORTERM\fR,
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\fB$DISPLAY\fR, and
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\fB$XAUTHORITY\fR
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environment variables are copied if they were set\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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.RS 4
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If
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\fB\-\-login\fR
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is used, the
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\fB$TZ\fR,
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\fB$HZ\fR, and
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\fB$MAIL\fR
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environment variables are set according to the
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/etc/login\&.defs
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options
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\fBENV_TZ\fR,
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\fBENV_HZ\fR,
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\fBMAIL_DIR\fR, and
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\fBMAIL_FILE\fR
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(see below)\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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.RS 4
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If
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\fB\-\-login\fR
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is used, other environment variables might be set by the
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\fBENVIRON_FILE\fR
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file (see below)\&.
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.RE
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.sp
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.RE
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.SH "AVERTISSEMENTS"
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.PP
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This version of
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\fBsu\fR
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has many compilation options, only some of which may be in use at any particular site\&.
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.SH "CONFIGURATION"
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.PP
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The following configuration variables in
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/etc/login\&.defs
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change the behavior of this tool:
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.PP
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\fBCONSOLE\fR (string)
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.RS 4
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Si d\('efinie, soit un chemin complet du fichier contenant les noms de p\('eriph\('eriques (un par ligne), soit une liste de noms du p\('eriph\('erique d\('elimit\('ee par des \(Fo\ \&:\ \&\(Fc\&. Les connexions d\*(Aqun administrateur ne seront autoris\('ees que depuis ces p\('eriph\('eriques\&.
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.sp
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S\*(Aqil n\*(Aqest pas d\('efini, root pourra se connecter depuis n\*(Aqimporte quel p\('eriph\('erique\&.
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.sp
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Le p\('eriph\('erique doit \(^etre pr\('ecis\('e sans le pr\('efixe /dev/\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fBCONSOLE_GROUPS\fR (string)
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.RS 4
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List of groups to add to the user\*(Aqs supplementary groups set when logging in on the console (as determined by the CONSOLE setting)\&. Default is none\&.
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Use with caution \- it is possible for users to gain permanent access to these groups, even when not logged in on the console\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fBDEFAULT_HOME\fR (boolean)
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.RS 4
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Indiquer si la connexion est permise si on ne peut pas acc\('eder au r\('epertoire personnel\&. Le r\('eglage par d\('efaut est \(Fo\ \&no\ \&\(Fc\&.
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.sp
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If set to
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\fIyes\fR, the user will login in the root (/) directory if it is not possible to cd to her home directory\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fBENV_HZ\fR (string)
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.RS 4
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If set, it will be used to define the HZ environment variable when a user login\&. The value must be preceded by
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\fIHZ=\fR\&. A common value on Linux is
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\fIHZ=100\fR\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fBENVIRON_FILE\fR (string)
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.RS 4
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Si ce fichier existe et est lisible, l\*(Aqenvironnement de connexion sera lu \(`a\ \& partir de lui\&. Chaque ligne doit \(^etre sous la forme nom=valeur\&.
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.sp
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Les lignes commen\(,cant par un \(Fo\ \&#\ \&\(Fc sont consid\('er\('ees comme des commentaires, et sont ignor\('ees\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fBENV_PATH\fR (string)
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.RS 4
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If set, it will be used to define the PATH environment variable when a regular user login\&. The value is a colon separated list of paths (for example
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\fI/bin:/usr/bin\fR) and can be preceded by
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\fIPATH=\fR\&. The default value is
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\fIPATH=/bin:/usr/bin\fR\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fBENV_SUPATH\fR (string)
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.RS 4
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If set, it will be used to define the PATH environment variable when the superuser login\&. The value is a colon separated list of paths (for example
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\fI/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin\fR) and can be preceded by
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\fIPATH=\fR\&. The default value is
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\fIPATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin\fR\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fBENV_TZ\fR (string)
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.RS 4
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If set, it will be used to define the TZ environment variable when a user login\&. The value can be the name of a timezone preceded by
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\fITZ=\fR
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(for example
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\fITZ=CST6CDT\fR), or the full path to the file containing the timezone specification (for example
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/etc/tzname)\&.
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.sp
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If a full path is specified but the file does not exist or cannot be read, the default is to use
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\fITZ=CST6CDT\fR\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fBLOGIN_STRING\fR (string)
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.RS 4
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La cha\(^ine de caract\(`eres utilis\('ee pour l\*(Aqinvite de mot de passe\&. La valeur par d\('efaut est d\*(Aqutiliser "Password: " (\(Fo\ \&mot de passe\ \&:\ \&\(Fc), ou une traduction de cette cha\(^ine\&. Si vous d\('efinissez cette variable, l\*(Aqinvite ne sera pas traduite\&.
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.sp
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If the string contains
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\fI%s\fR, this will be replaced by the user\*(Aqs name\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fBMAIL_CHECK_ENAB\fR (boolean)
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.RS 4
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Activer le contr\(^ole et l\*(Aqaffichage du statut de la bo\(^ite aux lettres durant la connexion\&.
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.sp
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Vous devriez le d\('esactiver si les fichiers de d\('emarrage de l\*(Aqinterpr\('eteur de commandes v\('erifient d\('ej\(`a la pr\('esence de courriers (\(Fo\ \&mail \-e\ \&\(Fc ou \('equivalent)\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fBMAIL_DIR\fR (string)
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.RS 4
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The mail spool directory\&. This is needed to manipulate the mailbox when its corresponding user account is modified or deleted\&. If not specified, a compile\-time default is used\&. The parameter CREATE_MAIL_SPOOL in
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/etc/default/useradd
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determines whether the mail spool should be created\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fBMAIL_FILE\fR (string)
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.RS 4
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D\('efinir l\*(Aqemplacement des bo\(^ites aux lettres des utilisateurs relativement \(`a leur r\('epertoire personnel\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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The
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\fBMAIL_DIR\fR
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and
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\fBMAIL_FILE\fR
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variables are used by
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\fBuseradd\fR,
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\fBusermod\fR, and
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\fBuserdel\fR
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to create, move, or delete the user\*(Aqs mail spool\&.
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.PP
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If
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\fBMAIL_CHECK_ENAB\fR
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is set to
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\fIyes\fR, they are also used to define the
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\fBMAIL\fR
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environment variable\&.
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.PP
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\fBQUOTAS_ENAB\fR (boolean)
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.RS 4
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Enable setting of resource limits from
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/etc/limits
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and ulimit, umask, and niceness from the user\*(Aqs passwd gecos field\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fBSULOG_FILE\fR (string)
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.RS 4
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Si d\('efinie, les activit\('es de su seront enregistr\('ees dans le fichier\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fBSU_NAME\fR (string)
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.RS 4
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Si d\('efinie, le nom de la commande \(`a afficher lorsque \(Fo\ \&su \-\ \&\(Fc est ex\('ecut\('ee\&. Par exemple, si elle est d\('efinie \(`a \(Fo\ \&su\ \&\(Fc alors un \(Fo\ \&ps\ \&\(Fc affichera la commande comme \(Fo\ \&\-su\ \&\(Fc\&. Si non d\('efinie, alors \(Fo\ \&ps\ \&\(Fc affichera le nom du shell qui sera en fait ex\('ecut\('e, par exemple quelque chose comme \(Fo\ \&\-sh\ \&\(Fc\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fBSU_WHEEL_ONLY\fR (boolean)
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.RS 4
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If
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\fIyes\fR, the user must be listed as a member of the first gid 0 group in
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/etc/group
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(called
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\fIroot\fR
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on most Linux systems) to be able to
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\fBsu\fR
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to uid 0 accounts\&. If the group doesn\*(Aqt exist or is empty, no one will be able to
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\fBsu\fR
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to uid 0\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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|
\fBSYSLOG_SU_ENAB\fR (boolean)
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.RS 4
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Enable "syslog" logging of
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\fBsu\fR
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activity \- in addition to sulog file logging\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR (boolean)
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.RS 4
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Activer la mise en place de bits de masque de groupe (\(Fo\ \&umask group bits\ \&\(Fc) identiques \(`a ceux du propri\('etaire (exemple\ \&: 022 \-> 002, 077 \-> 007) pour les utilisateurs non privil\('egi\('es, si l\*(AqUID est identique au GID et que l\*(Aqidentifiant de connexion est identique au groupe principal\&.
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.sp
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If set to
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\fIyes\fR,
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\fBuserdel\fR
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will remove the user\*(Aqs group if it contains no more members, and
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\fBuseradd\fR
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will create by default a group with the name of the user\&.
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.RE
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.SH "FICHIERS"
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.PP
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/etc/passwd
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.RS 4
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Informations sur les comptes des utilisateurs\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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/etc/shadow
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.RS 4
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Informations s\('ecuris\('ees sur les comptes utilisateurs\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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/etc/login\&.defs
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.RS 4
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Configuration de la suite des mots de passe cach\('es \(Fo\ \&shadow password\ \&\(Fc\&.
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.RE
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.SH "VALEURS DE RETOUR"
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.PP
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On success,
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\fBsu\fR
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returns the exit value of the command it executed\&.
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.PP
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If this command was terminated by a signal,
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\fBsu\fR
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returns the number of this signal plus 128\&.
|
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.PP
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If su has to kill the command (because it was asked to terminate, and the command did not terminate in time),
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\fBsu\fR
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returns 255\&.
|
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.PP
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Some exit values from
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\fBsu\fR
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are independent from the executed command:
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.PP
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\fI0\fR
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.RS 4
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success (\fB\-\-help\fR
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only)
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.RE
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.PP
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\fI1\fR
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.RS 4
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System or authentication failure
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.RE
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.PP
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\fI126\fR
|
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.RS 4
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The requested command was not found
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.RE
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.PP
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|
\fI127\fR
|
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.RS 4
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The requested command could not be executed
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.RE
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.SH "VOIR AUSSI"
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.PP
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\fBlogin\fR(1),
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\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
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\fBsg\fR(1),
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\fBsh\fR(1)\&.
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