215 lines
6.6 KiB
Plaintext
215 lines
6.6 KiB
Plaintext
'\" t
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.\" Title: chpasswd
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.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
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.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 <http://docbook.sf.net/>
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.\" Date: 02.01.2022
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.\" Manual: Befehle zur Systemverwaltung
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.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.11.1
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.\" Language: German
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.\"
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.TH "CHPASSWD" "8" "02.01.2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.11\&.1" "Befehle zur Systemverwaltung"
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.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
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.\" * Define some portability stuff
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.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
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.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
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.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
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.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
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.el .ds Aq '
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.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
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.\" * set default formatting
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.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
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.\" disable hyphenation
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.nh
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.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
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.ad l
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.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
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.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
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.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
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.SH "NAME"
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chpasswd \- aktualisiert Passw\(:orter im Batch\-Modus
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.SH "\(:UBERSICHT"
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.HP \w'\fBchpasswd\fR\ 'u
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\fBchpasswd\fR [\fIOptionen\fR]
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.SH "BESCHREIBUNG"
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.PP
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The
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\fBchpasswd\fR
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command reads a list of user name and password pairs from standard input and uses this information to update a group of existing users\&. Each line is of the format:
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.PP
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\fIuser_name\fR:\fIpassword\fR
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.PP
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By default the passwords must be supplied in clear\-text, and are encrypted by
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\fBchpasswd\fR\&. Also the password age will be updated, if present\&.
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.PP
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The default encryption algorithm can be defined for the system with the
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\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR
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or
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\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR
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variables of
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/etc/login\&.defs, and can be overwritten with the
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\fB\-e\fR,
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\fB\-m\fR, or
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\fB\-c\fR
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options\&.
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.PP
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\fBchpasswd\fR
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first updates all the passwords in memory, and then commits all the changes to disk if no errors occurred for any user\&.
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.PP
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Dieser Befehl ist f\(:ur den Einsatz in gro\(ssen Umgebungen vorgesehen, in der viele Konten gleichzeitig erstellt werden m\(:ussen\&.
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.SH "OPTIONEN"
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.PP
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The options which apply to the
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\fBchpasswd\fR
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command are:
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.PP
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\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-crypt\-method\fR\ \&\fIMETHOD\fR
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.RS 4
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Definiert die Methode, mit der die Passw\(:orter verschl\(:usselt werden\&.
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.sp
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Die verf\(:ugbaren Methoden sind DES, MD5, NONE und SHA256 oder SHA512, soweit Ihre libc sie unterst\(:utzt\&.
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.sp
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By default (if none of the
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\fB\-c\fR,
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\fB\-m\fR, or
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\fB\-e\fR
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options are specified), the encryption method is defined by the
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\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR
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or
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\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR
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variables of
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/etc/login\&.defs\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-encrypted\fR
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.RS 4
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Passw\(:orter werden verschl\(:usselt angegeben\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
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.RS 4
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zeigt die Hilfe an und beendet das Programm
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.RE
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.PP
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\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-md5\fR
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.RS 4
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werwendet zur Verschl\(:usselung MD5 anstelle von DES, wenn die Passw\(:orter unverschl\(:usselt angegeben werden
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.RE
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.PP
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\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
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.RS 4
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Apply changes in the
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\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
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directory and use the configuration files from the
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\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
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directory\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-sha\-rounds\fR\ \&\fIROUNDS\fR
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.RS 4
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Verwendet die angegebene Anzahl von Runden, um die Passw\(:orter zu verschl\(:usseln\&.
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.sp
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Ein Wert von 0 bedeutet, dass das System die Standardanzahl der Runden (5000) f\(:ur die Verschl\(:usselung verwenden wird\&.
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.sp
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Der Mindestwert ist 1000, der H\(:ochstwert 999\&.999\&.999\&.
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.sp
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Sie k\(:onnen diese Option nur mit den Verschl\(:usselungsmethoden SHA256 und SHA512 verwenden\&.
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.sp
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By default, the number of rounds is defined by the
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\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR
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and
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\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR
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variables in
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/etc/login\&.defs\&.
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.RE
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.SH "WARNUNGEN"
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.PP
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Achten Sie darauf, dass die Rechte und Umask korrekt vergeben sind, um zu verhindern, dass andere Benutzer unverschl\(:usselte Dateien lesen k\(:onnen\&.
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.SH "KONFIGURATION"
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.PP
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The following configuration variables in
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/etc/login\&.defs
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change the behavior of this tool:
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.PP
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\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR (string)
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.RS 4
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Damit wird der standardm\(:a\(ssige Verschl\(:usselungsalgorithmus, mit dem Passw\(:orter verschl\(:usselt werden, bestimmt (soweit nicht in der Befehlszeile ein Algorithmus angegeben wird)\&.
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.sp
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It can take one of these values:
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\fIDES\fR
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(default),
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\fIMD5\fR, \fISHA256\fR, \fISHA512\fR\&. MD5 and DES should not be used for new hashes, see
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crypt(5)
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for recommendations\&.
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.sp
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Note: this parameter overrides the
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\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR
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variable\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR (boolean)
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.RS 4
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Indicate if passwords must be encrypted using the MD5\-based algorithm\&. If set to
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\fIyes\fR, new passwords will be encrypted using the MD5\-based algorithm compatible with the one used by recent releases of FreeBSD\&. It supports passwords of unlimited length and longer salt strings\&. Set to
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\fIno\fR
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if you need to copy encrypted passwords to other systems which don\*(Aqt understand the new algorithm\&. Default is
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\fIno\fR\&.
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.sp
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This variable is superseded by the
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\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR
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variable or by any command line option used to configure the encryption algorithm\&.
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.sp
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This variable is deprecated\&. You should use
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\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR (number), \fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR (number)
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.RS 4
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When
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\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR
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is set to
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\fISHA256\fR
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or
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\fISHA512\fR, this defines the number of SHA rounds used by the encryption algorithm by default (when the number of rounds is not specified on the command line)\&.
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.sp
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Je mehr Runden Sie definieren, umso schwieriger ist es, das Passwort mit sturem Durchprobieren (brute force) zu knacken; umso mehr Rechenleistung wird jedoch auch f\(:ur die Anmeldung eines Benutzers ben\(:otigt\&.
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.sp
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If not specified, the libc will choose the default number of rounds (5000), which is orders of magnitude too low for modern hardware\&.
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.sp
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Die Werte m\(:ussen zwischen 1000\-999\&.999\&.999 liegen\&.
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.sp
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If only one of the
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\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR
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or
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\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR
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values is set, then this value will be used\&.
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.sp
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If
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\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR
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>
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\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR, the highest value will be used\&.
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.RE
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.SH "DATEIEN"
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.PP
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/etc/passwd
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.RS 4
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Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten
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.RE
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.PP
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/etc/shadow
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.RS 4
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verschl\(:usselte Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten
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.RE
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.PP
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/etc/login\&.defs
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.RS 4
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Konfiguration der Shadow\-Passwort\-Werkzeugsammlung
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.RE
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.SH "SIEHE AUCH"
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.PP
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\fBpasswd\fR(1),
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\fBnewusers\fR(8),
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\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
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\fBuseradd\fR(8)\&.
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