]> Marek Michałkiewicz Creation, 1996 Thomas Kłoczko kloczek@pld.org.pl shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007 Nicolas François nicolas.francois@centraliens.net shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now pwconv 8 System Management Commands shadow-utils &SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION; pwconv pwunconv grpconv grpunconv convert between the system's shadowed and plain account files pwconv options pwunconv options grpconv options grpunconv options The pwconv command creates shadow from passwd and an optionally existing shadow. pwconv does not work with USE_TCB enabled. To convert to tcb passwords, you should first use pwconv to convert to shadowed passwords by disabling USE_TCB in login.defs and then convert to tcb password using tcb_convert (and re-enable USE_TCB in login.defs.) The pwunconv command creates a plain passwd from shadowed passwd and shadow and then removes shadow. pwunconv does not work with USE_TCB enabled. You should first switch back from tcb to shadowed passwords using tcb_unconvert, and then disable USE_TCB in login.defs before using pwunconv. The grpconv command creates gshadow from group and an optionally existing gshadow. The grpunconv command creates plain group from shadowed group and gshadow and then removes gshadow. These four programs all operate on the normal and shadow password and group files: /etc/passwd, /etc/group, /etc/shadow, and /etc/gshadow. Each program acquires the necessary locks before conversion. pwconv and grpconv are similar. First, entries in the shadowed file which don't exist in the plain file are removed. Then, entries in the shadowed file which don't have `x' as the password in plain file are updated. Any missing shadowed entries are added. Finally, passwords in the plain file are replaced with `x'. These programs can be used for initial conversion as well to update the shadowed file if the plain file has been edited by hand. pwconv will use the values of PASS_MIN_DAYS, PASS_MAX_DAYS, and PASS_WARN_AGE from /etc/login.defs when adding new entries to /etc/shadow. Likewise pwunconv and grpunconv are similar. Passwords in the plain file are updated from the shadowed file. Entries which exist in the plain file but not in the shadowed file are left alone. Finally, the shadowed file is removed. Some password aging information is lost by pwunconv. It will convert what it can. The options which apply to the pwconv, pwunconv, grpconv, and grpunconv commands are: -h, --help Display help message and exit. -R, --root CHROOT_DIR Apply changes in the CHROOT_DIR directory and use the configuration files from the CHROOT_DIR directory. Only absolute paths are supported. No SELINUX support. Errors in the password or group files (such as invalid or duplicate entries) may cause these programs to loop forever or fail in other strange ways. Please run pwck and grpck to correct any such errors before converting to or from shadowed files. The following configuration variable in /etc/login.defs changes the behavior of grpconv and grpunconv: &MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP; The following configuration variables in /etc/login.defs change the behavior of pwconv: &PASS_MAX_DAYS; &PASS_MIN_DAYS; &PASS_WARN_AGE; &USE_TCB; /etc/login.defs Shadow password suite configuration. grpck8 , login.defs5 , pwck8 , tcb_convert8 , tcb_unconvert8 .