The target string may be used by algorithms to determine the running
hardware target.
Store the target string provided by the camera tuning files in the
controller state. Add a getTarget() member function to retrieve this
string.
Validate the correct hardware target ("bcm2835") during the IPA
initialisation phase.
Signed-off-by: Naushir Patuck <naush@raspberrypi.com>
Reviewed-by: Jacopo Mondi <jacopo.mondi@ideasonboard.com>
Reviewed-by: Kieran Bingham <kieran.bingham@ideasonboard.com>
Signed-off-by: Kieran Bingham <kieran.bingham@ideasonboard.com>
Make a copy of the CameraMode structure on a switch mode call. This
replaces the existing lastSensitivity_ field.
Limit the AGC gain calculations to the minimum value given by the
CameraMode structure. The maximum value remains unclipped as any gain
over the sensor maximum will be made up by digital gain.
Rename clipShutter to limitShutter for consistency, and have the latter
limit the shutter speed to both upper and lower bounds.
Signed-off-by: Naushir Patuck <naush@raspberrypi.com>
Reviewed-by: David Plowman <david.plowman@raspberrypi.com>
Reviewed-by: Jacopo Mondi <jacopo.mondi@ideasonboard.com>
Signed-off-by: Kieran Bingham <kieran.bingham@ideasonboard.com>
Use the new analogue gain and shutter speed limit fields in the ipa
code when reporting back the control value limits and calculating the
analogue gain code to use. This also replaces the now unused (and
removed) maxSensorGainCode_ field.
Signed-off-by: Naushir Patuck <naush@raspberrypi.com>
Reviewed-by: David Plowman <david.plowman@raspberrypi.com>
Reviewed-by: Jacopo Mondi <jacopo.mondi@ideasonboard.com>
Signed-off-by: Kieran Bingham <kieran.bingham@ideasonboard.com>
Add fields in the CameraMode structure to capture the mode specific
limits for analogue gain and shutter speed. For convenience, also add
fields for minimum and maximum frame durations.
Populate these new fields when setting up the CameraMode structure.
Signed-off-by: Naushir Patuck <naush@raspberrypi.com>
Reviewed-by: David Plowman <david.plowman@raspberrypi.com>
Reviewed-by: Jacopo Mondi <jacopo.mondi@ideasonboard.com>
Signed-off-by: Kieran Bingham <kieran.bingham@ideasonboard.com>
When compiled with LTO (the default on Ubuntu), the global static
objects camHelpers and algorithms cause a crash in raspberrypi_ipa_proxy
at runtime as they're not allocated by the time the registration
routines execute.
This is a fairly crude fix which just converts the global static objects
into local static objects inside an equivalently named function.
Signed-off-by: Dave Jones <dave.jones@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Naushir Patuck <naush@raspberrypi.com>
Tested-by: Naushir Patuck <naush@raspberrypi.com>
Reviewed-by: Laurent Pinchart <laurent.pinchart@ideasonboard.com>
Signed-off-by: Kieran Bingham <kieran.bingham@ideasonboard.com>
Some updates to the tuning for the imx296 sensors.
For the colour variant:
* Minor change to the AWB curve, making things a little less green.
* Updated CCMs that reduce colour saturation to a more accurate level.
Thanks to Dr. Rolf Henkel for these measurements and calculations.
* Sharpening has been toned down quite a lot.
* rpi.focus algorithm added so that the focus measure can be accessed.
The sharpening and focus changes are applied to the mono version of
the sensor too as we expect similar characteristics.
Signed-off-by: David Plowman <david.plowman@raspberrypi.com>
Reviewed-by: Naushir Patuck <naush@raspberrypi.com>
Signed-off-by: Kieran Bingham <kieran.bingham@ideasonboard.com>
The maxVal variable in the computeInitialY function needs to be a
uint64_t, otherwise the subsequent multiplications in the function
can overflow on relatively high resolution images (when the counts in
the regions go over 16 bits).
Signed-off-by: David Plowman <david.plowman@raspberrypi.com>
Reviewed-by: Kieran Bingham <kieran.bingham@ideasonboard.com>
Reviewed-by: Naushir Patuck <naush@raspberrypi.com>
Signed-off-by: Kieran Bingham <kieran.bingham@ideasonboard.com>
The existing mechanism of setting a timeout value simply uses the
maximum possible frame length advertised by the sensor mode. This can be
problematic when, for example, the IMX477 sensor can use a frame length
of over 600 seconds. However, for typical usage the frame length will
never go over several 100s of milliseconds, making the timeout very
impractical.
Store a list of the last 10 frame length values requested by the AGC. On
startup, and at the end of every frame, take the maximum frame length
value from this list and return that to the pipeline handler through the
setCameraTimeoutValue() signal. This allows the timeout value to better
track the actual sensor usage.
Signed-off-by: Naushir Patuck <naush@raspberrypi.com>
Reviewed-by: David Plowman <david.plowman@raspberrypi.com>
Reviewed-by: Jacopo Mondi <jacopo.mondi@ideasonboard.com>
Signed-off-by: Kieran Bingham <kieran.bingham@ideasonboard.com>
Add an explicit helper function setCameraTimeout() in the pipeline
handler to set the Unicam timeout value. This function is signalled from
the IPA to set up an appropriate timeout. This replaces the
maxSensorFrameLengthMs value parameter returned back from
IPARPi::start().
Adjust the timeout to be 5x the maximum frame duration reported by the
IPA.
Signed-off-by: Naushir Patuck <naush@raspberrypi.com>
Reviewed-by: David Plowman <david.plowman@raspberrypi.com>
Reviewed-by: Jacopo Mondi <jacopo.mondi@ideasonboard.com>
Reviewed-by: Laurent Pinchart <laurent.pinchart@ideasonboard.com>
Signed-off-by: Kieran Bingham <kieran.bingham@ideasonboard.com>
The VC4 ISP uses a pipeline bit-depth of 13-bits. The AGC algorithm needs to
know this bit-depth when computing the Y value for the image.
Instead of hardcoding the VC4 bit-depth in the AGC source code, normalise all
region sums to 16-bits when filling the Statistics structure. AWB and ALSC are
agnostic about pipeline depth, so do not need changing.
Signed-off-by: Naushir Patuck <naush@raspberrypi.com>
Reviewed-by: David Plowman <david.plowman@raspberrypi.com>
Reviewed-by: Kieran Bingham <kieran.bingham@ideasonboard.com>
Signed-off-by: Kieran Bingham <kieran.bingham@ideasonboard.com>
Repurpose the StatisticsPtr type from being a shared_ptr<bcm2835_isp_stats> to
shared_ptr<RPiController::Statistics>. This removes any hardware specific header
files and structures from the algorithms source code.
Add a new function in the Raspberry Pi IPA to populate the generic statistics
structure from the values provided by the hardware in the bcm2835_isp_stats
structure.
Update the Lux, AWB, AGC, ALSC, Contrast, and Focus algorithms to use the
generic statistics structure appropriately in their calculations. Additionally,
remove references to any hardware specific headers and defines in these source
files.
Signed-off-by: Naushir Patuck <naush@raspberrypi.com>
Reviewed-by: David Plowman <david.plowman@raspberrypi.com>
Tested-by: Nick Hollinghurst <nick.hollinghurst@raspberrypi.com>
Signed-off-by: Kieran Bingham <kieran.bingham@ideasonboard.com>
Release the statistics buffer after running the through the AWB calculations.
Only the "counted" statistics are copied out to a local structure, so keeping
the statistics buffer allows the algorithm to see the "uncounted" statistics as
well.
This is currently handled by hard-coding the total number of statistics regions
regions based on the structure definition in the bcm2835_isp_stats structure.
Signed-off-by: Naushir Patuck <naush@raspberrypi.com>
Reviewed-by: David Plowman <david.plowman@raspberrypi.com>
Reviewed-by: Kieran Bingham <kieran.bingham@ideasonboard.com>
Signed-off-by: Kieran Bingham <kieran.bingham@ideasonboard.com>
At present, the controller algorithms access the bcm2835_isp_stats structure,
which is hardware specific. It would be desirable to abstract out the statistics
structure to remove hardware specific headers from the algorithms source files.
Define a new templated RegionStats class that encompasses region based
statistics generated by the ISP. For the VC4 ISP, this can be used to hold
RGB sums and focus FoM values.
Define a new Statistics structure that holds all the VC4 ISP statistics output.
This includes AGC histograms, AGC/AWB region sums and focus FoM regions.
Signed-off-by: Naushir Patuck <naush@raspberrypi.com>
Reviewed-by: David Plowman <david.plowman@raspberrypi.com>
Reviewed-by: Kieran Bingham <kieran.bingham@ideasonboard.com>
Signed-off-by: Kieran Bingham <kieran.bingham@ideasonboard.com>
Add support for Raspberry Pi Camera 3 modules (Sony IMX708 camera sensor) to the
Raspberry Pi IPA. These modules are available in either normal or wide angle
lens, both with IR or no IR cut options, giving a total for 4 variants. Provide
IQ tuning files for all four variants.
The IMX708 camera helper additionally parses PDAF and HDR histogram data that
is provided in the embedded data stream from Unicam.
Signed-off-by: Nick Hollinghurst <nick.hollinghurst@raspberrypi.com>
Signed-off-by: Naushir Patuck <naush@raspberrypi.com>
Reviewed-by: Naushir Patuck <naush@raspberrypi.com>
Reviewed-by: David Plowman <david.plowman@raspberrypi.com>
Signed-off-by: Kieran Bingham <kieran.bingham@ideasonboard.com>
Add the current frame's lens position (in dioptres) to the DeviceStatus
structure. This value is obtained from the AfAlgorithm::getLensPosition()
member function. Return this lens position back to the pipeline handler to
store in the metadata field of the request.
As a drive-by, fixup some inaccurate comments in the DeviceStatus structure.
Signed-off-by: Naushir Patuck <naush@raspberrypi.com>
Reviewed-by: David Plowman <david.plowman@raspberrypi.com>
Reviewed-by: Nick Hollinghurst nick.hollinghurst@raspberrypi.com
Signed-off-by: Kieran Bingham <kieran.bingham@ideasonboard.com>
Provide the first version of the Raspberry Pi autofocus algorithm. This
implementation uses a hybrid of contrast detect autofocus (CDAF) and phase
detect autofocus (PDAF) statistics. PDAF is always preferred over CDAF due to
having less "hunting" behavior.
Signed-off-by: Nick Hollinghurst <nick.hollinghurst@raspberrypi.com>
Signed-off-by: Naushir Patuck <naush@raspberrypi.com>
Reviewed-by: Naushir Patuck <naush@raspberrypi.com>
Reviewed-by: David Plowman <david.plowman@raspberrypi.com>
Signed-off-by: Kieran Bingham <kieran.bingham@ideasonboard.com>
Add a new AfAlgorithm class that defines the interface for the Raspberry Pi
autofocus algorithm.
Add an AfStatus structure that returns the results of the autofocus algorithm
back to the IPA.
Add a structure for PDAF statistics provided by supported sensors for use with
an autofocus algorithm. This structure is currently based on the IMX708's PDAF
"Type 1" statistics.
Signed-off-by: Nick Hollinghurst <nick.hollinghurst@raspberrypi.com>
Signed-off-by: Naushir Patuck <naush@raspberrypi.com>
Reviewed-by: Naushir Patuck <naush@raspberrypi.com>
Reviewed-by: David Plowman <david.plowman@raspberrypi.com>
Signed-off-by: Kieran Bingham <kieran.bingham@ideasonboard.com>
Pass the available lens controls to the IPA through the configure() function.
Validate that the V4L2_CID_FOCUS_ABSOLUTE does exist. If it doesn't, log a
warning message, and do not advertise focus related controls from the IPA.
Signed-off-by: Naushir Patuck <naush@raspberrypi.com>
Reviewed-by: Nick Hollinghurst <nick.hollinghurst@raspberrypi.com>
Reviewed-by: David Plowman <david.plowman@raspberrypi.com>
Signed-off-by: Kieran Bingham <kieran.bingham@ideasonboard.com>
The imx477_scientific.json file was added to the source tree with
incorrect executable permission. Fix it.
Fixes: bf66a1d251 ("ipa: raspberrypi: Add a "scientific" tuning for the IMX477")
Signed-off-by: Laurent Pinchart <laurent.pinchart@ideasonboard.com>
Reviewed-by: Kieran Bingham <kieran.bingham@ideasonboard.com>
Add a tuning file for the IMX477 more suited to scientific applications.
The key differences from the original tuning file are:
- Disable ALSC block completely
- Pure rec709 gamma curve, and no contrast enhance
- New CT curve and CCMs based on the illumination spectrum of a black body
radiator up to about 3600 K and the CIE illuminant D for higher color
temperatures.
Further details on the changes can be found at:
https://forums.raspberrypi.com/viewtopic.php?t=343449
All credit for these changes go to Dr. Rolf Henkel.
Signed-off-by: Naushir Patuck <naush@raspberrypi.com>
Signed-off-by: Rolf Henkel <cpixip@pixelcircus.com>
Reviewed-by: David Plowman <david.plowman@raspberrypi.com>
Acked-by: Kieran Bingham <kieran.bingham@ideasonboard.com>
Signed-off-by: Kieran Bingham <kieran.bingham@ideasonboard.com>
The latest camera modules have a very slightly different IR filter, so
the tuning file is slightly revised to give best results with both old
and new camera modules.
The original tuning file is retained as imx477_v1.json in case anyone
should wish to continue using it.
Signed-off-by: David Plowman <david.plowman@raspberrypi.com>
Reviewed-by: Kieran Bingham <kieran.bingham@ideasonboard.com>
Reviewed-by: Naushir Patuck <naush@raspberrypi.com>
Signed-off-by: Kieran Bingham <kieran.bingham@ideasonboard.com>
Fix a bug in the IPA frame dropping (for rate control) logic, where the
metadata for the current context was copied from itself (i.e. a no-op), instead
of being copied from the previous context.
This bug does not occur in normal conditions, only when running with a low
exposure time and unconstrained framerate, which happens in a particular
picamera2 test.
Fixes: 546154b134 ("pipeline: ipa: raspberrypi: Use IPA cookies")
Signed-off-by: Naushir Patuck <naush@raspberrypi.com>
Reviewed-by: Kieran Bingham <kieran.bingham@ideasonboard.com>
Reviewed-by: David Plowman <david.plowman@raspberrypi.com>
Signed-off-by: Kieran Bingham <kieran.bingham@ideasonboard.com>
The digital gain calculation uses a total exposure value computed with the
current AGC state. However, this is wrong in the case of manual shutter/gain
controls, as the total exposure value used must be the value computed when the
AGC sent the manual shutter/gain controls to the pipeline handler to action.
To fix this, the IPA now adds the historical AgcStatus structure to the metadata
(tagged with "agc.delayed_status"). This historical AgcStatus structure contains
the total exposure value calculated when the AGC sent the manual shutter/gain
controls to the pipeline handler.
Signed-off-by: Naushir Patuck <naush@raspberrypi.com>
Reviewed-by: David Plowman <david.plowman@raspberrypi.com>
Tested-by: David Plowman <david.plowman@raspberrypi.com>
Reviewed-by: Kieran Bingham <kieran.bingham@ideasonboard.com>
Signed-off-by: Laurent Pinchart <laurent.pinchart@ideasonboard.com>
Pass an IPA cookie from the pipeline handler to the IPA and eventually back to
the pipeline handler through the setDelayedControls signal. This cookie is used
to index the RPiController::Metadata object to be used for the frame.
The IPA cookie is then returned from DelayedControls when the frame with the
applied controls has been returned from the sensor, and eventually passed back
to the IPA from the signalIspPrepare signal.
Signed-off-by: Naushir Patuck <naush@raspberrypi.com>
Reviewed-by: David Plowman <david.plowman@raspberrypi.com>
Tested-by: David Plowman <david.plowman@raspberrypi.com>
Signed-off-by: Laurent Pinchart <laurent.pinchart@ideasonboard.com>
Allow the IPA to cycle through an array of RPiController::Metadata objects, one
per prepare()/process() invocation, when running the controller algorithms. This
allows historical metadata objects to be retained, and subsequently passed into
the controller algorithms on future frames. At present, only a single index into
this array is used.
This change provides a route to fixing a problem with the AGC algorithm, where
if a manual shutter/gain is requested, the algorithm does not currently retain
any context of the total exposure that it has calculated. As a result, the
wrong digital gain would be applied when the frame with the manual shutter/gain
is processed by the ISP.
Signed-off-by: Naushir Patuck <naush@raspberrypi.com>
Reviewed-by: David Plowman <david.plowman@raspberrypi.com>
Tested-by: David Plowman <david.plowman@raspberrypi.com>
Reviewed-by: Kieran Bingham <kieran.bingham@ideasonboard.com>
Signed-off-by: Laurent Pinchart <laurent.pinchart@ideasonboard.com>
Add a new member function to RPiController::Metadata that copies unique
key/value pairs from one object to the other. This is different from
std::map::merge that would remove the key/value pairs from the source object.
Signed-off-by: Naushir Patuck <naush@raspberrypi.com>
Reviewed-by: Kieran Bingham <kieran.bingham@ideasonboard.com>
Reviewed-by: David Plowman <david.plowman@raspberrypi.com>
Signed-off-by: Laurent Pinchart <laurent.pinchart@ideasonboard.com>
The BufferMask enum provides a way of identifying which stream a frame buffer
belongs to. This enum is defined in the raspberrypi.mojom interface file.
However, the IPA does not need these enum definitions to mmap buffers that it
uses.
Move this enum out of the raspberrypi.mojom interface file and put it into
the RPi namespace visible only to the pipeline handler. This removes the
need to include the auto-generated IPA interface header in the RPi::Stream
definition.
Signed-off-by: Naushir Patuck <naush@raspberrypi.com>
Reviewed-by: Laurent Pinchart <laurent.pinchart@ideasonboard.com>
Reviewed-by: David Plowman <david.plowman@raspberrypi.com>
Signed-off-by: Laurent Pinchart <laurent.pinchart@ideasonboard.com>
No existing Algorithm used the base pause(), resume() functions
or the paused_ flag, nor is there a need for a generic pause API.
Remove these. The AGC and AWB algorithms now have methods named
disableAuto(), enableAuto() which better describe their functionality.
Signed-off-by: Nick Hollinghurst <nick.hollinghurst@raspberrypi.com>
Reviewed-by: David Plowman <david.plowman@raspberrypi.com>
Reviewed-by: Naushir Patuck <naush@raspberrypi.com>
Signed-off-by: Laurent Pinchart <laurent.pinchart@ideasonboard.com>
Previously we only did this when the system starts (on the first
switch_mode). Now we do it whenever the manual colour gains are
updated. To facilitate this, this R/B vs. colour temperature inverse
functions are stored persistently in the AwbConfig.
Signed-off-by: David Plowman <david.plowman@raspberrypi.com>
Reviewed-by: Naushir Patuck <naush@raspberrypi.com>
Reviewed-by: Kieran Bingham <kieran.bingham@ideasonboard.com>
Signed-off-by: Kieran Bingham <kieran.bingham@ideasonboard.com>
pwl.cpp uses abs() instead of std::abs(), which causes unexpected
behavior in the Clang compiler used for Android. Replace with
C++-standard absolute value function std::abs(), which supports
double-precision absolute values in a standard way.
Signed-off-by: Nicholas Roth <nicholas@rothemail.net>
Reviewed-by: Jacopo Mondi <jacopo@jmondi.org>
Reviewed-by: Kieran Bingham <kieran.bingham@ideasonboard.com>
Reviewed-by: Naushir Patuck <naush@raspberrypi.com>
Signed-off-by: Kieran Bingham <kieran.bingham@ideasonboard.com>
The raspberrypi IPA is missing thread-safety annotations, which breaks
the build.
Add required thread-safety annotations.
../src/ipa/raspberrypi/controller/metadata.h:108:31: error: mutex
'mutex_' is still held at the end of function [-Werror,-Wthread-safety-analysis]
void lock() { mutex_.lock(); }
^
../src/ipa/raspberrypi/controller/metadata.h:108:23: note: mutex
acquired here
void lock() { mutex_.lock(); }
^
../src/ipa/raspberrypi/controller/metadata.h:109:25: error: releasing
mutex 'mutex_' that was not held [-Werror,-Wthread-safety-analysis]
void unlock() { mutex_.unlock(); }
^
Signed-off-by: Nicholas Roth <nicholas@rothemail.net>
Reviewed-by: Jacopo Mondi <jacopo@jmondi.org>
Reviewed-by: Kieran Bingham <kieran.bingham@ideasonboard.com>
Reviewed-by: Naushir Patuck <naush@raspberrypi.com>
Signed-off-by: Kieran Bingham <kieran.bingham@ideasonboard.com>
The recent change to the naming scheme for the camera tuning files failed to
rename ov9281.json, causing the sensor to fail to load. Since this is a mono
sensor module, rename this file to ov9281_mono.json.
Fixes: 820607b195: ("pipeline: raspberrypi: Update naming convention for tuning files")
Signed-off-by: Naushir Patuck <naush@raspberrypi.com>
Reviewed-by: Laurent Pinchart <laurent.pinchart@ideasonboard.com>
Reviewed-by: David Plowman <david.plowman@raspberrypi.com>
Signed-off-by: Laurent Pinchart <laurent.pinchart@ideasonboard.com>
Rename CamHelper::getVBlanking to CamHelper::getBlanking, and update the
calculations in that function to return both horizontal and vertical
blanking values for a given exposure time and frame duration limits. The
calculations are setup such that vertical blanking is extended to the
maximum allowable value, and any remainder gets put into horizontal
blanking.
The calculated horizontal blanking value is now returned to the pipeline
handler to pass into DelayedControls to program into the sensor.
Update the IPA to now specify the maximum frame duration from the
maximum horizontal + vertical blanking values provided by the sensor
mode. Additionally, the IPA now uses the frame specific horizontal
blanking value (as returned by DelayedControls) in all instances.
Signed-off-by: Naushir Patuck <naush@raspberrypi.com>
Tested-by: Dave Stevenson <dave.stevenson@raspberrypi.com>
Reviewed-by: Laurent Pinchart <laurent.pinchart@ideasonboard.com>
Signed-off-by: Laurent Pinchart <laurent.pinchart@ideasonboard.com>
Add CamHelper::hblankToLineLength() to calculate the line length
duration from the horizontal blanking (in pixels) value.
Add CamHelper::lineLengthToHblank() to calculate the horizontal blanking
(in pixels) value from the line length duration.
Add CamHelper::lineLengthPckToDuration() to calculate the line length
duration from the line length in pixels.
Signed-off-by: Naushir Patuck <naush@raspberrypi.com>
Tested-by: Dave Stevenson <dave.stevenson@raspberrypi.com>
Reviewed-by: Laurent Pinchart <laurent.pinchart@ideasonboard.com>
Signed-off-by: Laurent Pinchart <laurent.pinchart@ideasonboard.com>
Update CamHelper::getDelays() to return the sensor HBLANK delay. The
HBLANK delay is set to the same value as VBLANK delay for all sensors in
the Raspberry Pi IPA.
Return the HBLANK gain delay from the IPA to the pipeline handler, and
initialise DelayedControls to handle V4L2_CID_HBLANK with this delay
value.
As a drive-by, check that the V4L2_CID_HBLANK control is available when
calling IPARPi::configure().
Signed-off-by: Naushir Patuck <naush@raspberrypi.com>
Tested-by: Dave Stevenson <dave.stevenson@raspberrypi.com>
Reviewed-by: Laurent Pinchart <laurent.pinchart@ideasonboard.com>
Signed-off-by: Laurent Pinchart <laurent.pinchart@ideasonboard.com>
Update CamHelper::exposureLines() and CamHelper::exposure() to take a
line length duration parameter for use in the exposure calculations.
For now, only use the minimum line length for all the calculations to
match the existing IPA behavior.
Signed-off-by: Naushir Patuck <naush@raspberrypi.com>
Tested-by: Dave Stevenson <dave.stevenson@raspberrypi.com>
Reviewed-by: Laurent Pinchart <laurent.pinchart@ideasonboard.com>
Signed-off-by: Laurent Pinchart <laurent.pinchart@ideasonboard.com>
Add fields for minimum and maximum line length duration to the
CameraMode structure. This replaces the existing lineLength field.
Any use of the existing lineLength field is replaced by the new
minLineLength field, as logically we always want to use the fastest
sensor readout by default.
As a drive-by cosmetic change, split all fields in the CameraMode
structure into separate lines.
Signed-off-by: Naushir Patuck <naush@raspberrypi.com>
Tested-by: Dave Stevenson <dave.stevenson@raspberrypi.com>
Reviewed-by: Laurent Pinchart <laurent.pinchart@ideasonboard.com>
Signed-off-by: Laurent Pinchart <laurent.pinchart@ideasonboard.com>
Naushir Patuck
Dave Jones
David Plowman
Nick Hollinghurst
Laurent Pinchart
Nicholas Roth